4A_Enzymes+(temp+and+pH)

__**RESULTS**__

__**Part A**__

**Test tube** || **Iodine Test** || A1 || Dark brown || B1 || Light brown || C1 || Blue black || D1 || Blue black ||

__**Part B**__

**Test tube** |||| **Iodine test** || **Start** || **End** || W || Blue black || Blue black || X || Blue black || Brown || Y || Brown || Brown || Z || Blue black || Blue black ||

__**Interpreting the results**__ __**Part A**__
 * 1) From my results, test tube A1 and B1 shows that starch digestion has occurred. However, the correct results should be that only test tube B1 shows that starch digestion has occurred. This error in my result could be due to negligence on part in maintaining the cool temperature of the beaker test tube A1 was in. When the iodine test was done on the mixture in B1, the mixture remained brown, indicating no presence of starch and thus, indicating that starch digestion occurred. Starch digestion occurred in B1 as the temperature of B1 and its surroundings were optimal so that the enzymes could catalyze reactions and break down starch. 37degrees is the average body temperature.
 * 2) Test tubes C1 and D1 contained mixtures that gave a blueblack colour. The correct results should be that test tubes A1, C1 and D1 would all give a blueblack colour. This error in my result could be due to negligence on part in maintaining the cool temperature of the beaker test tube A1 was in.
 * 3) The mixtures in test tubes A1, C1 and D1 gave a blue black colour as the mixtures were not an an optimal temperature for enzymes to catalyze reactions or that enzymes were not added at all. For test tube A1, the temperature was far too low and this deactivated the enzymes and thus they could not catalyze reactions. For test tube C1, the temperature was far too high for the enzymes and thus denatured the enzymes, leaving them not able to catalyze reactions. As for test tube D1, no enzymes were added at all so no reaction could occur.
 * 4) Benedict’s Test as this test is used to detect reduced sugars. Enzymes break down starch into reduced sugar.
 * 5) The temperature must be optimal (around body temperature (37degrees)) for enzymes to be able to catalyze reactions.

__**Part B**__
 * 1) From my results, X and Y showed that starch digestion has occurred as the mixtures were brown when iodine was added at the end of the experiment. However, the correct result should be that only X would give a brown result. This error could be due to the inaccurate adding of the content in the Y test tube. This is inferred as Y had already gave a brown result, indicating there was no starch present at the start of the experiment and possibly also indicating that I had inaccurately put in the content. X gave a brown result, indicating there is no presence of starch and thus, that the starch initially detected at the start of the experiment had been digested. Starch digestions occurred as the pH was neutral in the mixture and thus the enzymes could catalyze reactions.
 * 2) From my results, only W and Z contained mixtures that gave blueblack results. However, the correct answers should be that mixtures in W, Y and Z gave blueblack results. This error could be due to the inaccurate adding of the content in the Y test tube. This is inferred as Y had already gave a brown result, indicating there was no starch present at the start of the experiment and possibly also indicating that I had inaccurately put in the content.
 * 3) The mixtures W stayed blueblack as the presence of acids did not allow enzyme actions. The mixture in Y was blueblack as the the alkalis denatured the enzymes and thus the enzymes could not catalyze reactions. The mixture in Z gace a blueblack result as no enzyme was added to the mixture and thus, no starch digestion could take place.
 * 4) Enzyme action only works in a neutral solvent.
 * 5) The temperature would have to be optimal (roughly body temperature 37 degrees) and the solution neutral in order for enzyme action to occur.